What is motherboard? And their types
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| BINARY MOTHERBOARD |
The first motherboard is considered to be one used in the
IBM personal computer, released in 1981. At the time, IBM called it a “planer”
instead of a motherboard.
The motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a
computer system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a
computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors
for input and output device. Motherboard is made of a hard plastic on which
metallic circuits are etched and various components are fixed on their proper
places provided on the motherboard. All the other computer parts are either
directly installed or connected to various motherboard components and all the
data is transferred between them through the motherboard.
Motherboard means specifically a PCB (printed circuit board)
with expansion capability. as the name suggests this boards is often referred
to as the ‘mother’ of all component`s attached to it ,which often include
peripherals ,interface cards ,and daughter cards: sounds cards ,video cards, network
cards ,hard drives and other forms of persistent storage ;TV tuner cards ,cards
providing extra USB or firmware slots; and variety of other custom components.
Here we are going to study about the different types of motherboard
which are available. we will discuss each of these types in detail and will see how all these are
different from each other let us now
start our discuss about the different type of motherboard.
TYPE
OF MOTHERBOARD FORM FACTOR
ATX
MOTHERBOARD
ATX (advanced technology extended) or popularly known as
the ATX are the motherboards which were produced by the Intel in mid 90`s as an
employment from the previously working motherboards such as AT.
They have MPGA CPU socket, DIMM slots for RAM, expansion
slots (PCI, ISA, AGP) ,SATA and IDE connector with ports and connectors 12 pins
and 20 pins power connector are available in this type of motherboards . The
dimensions of these motherboards are smaller than AT motherboards and thus a
proper place for the drive bays is also allowed.
ATX is the most common motherboard design .other
standards for smaller boards including micro ATX , nano ITX ,and mini ITX
usually keep the basic rear layout but
the reduce the size of the board and the number of expansion slots.
AT
MOTHERBOARDS
AT motherboards stand for advance technology motherboard
.the full size of AT motherboard at ‘12’ wide, was too wide to fit into the
newer and more common mini –tower and desktop cases being produced.
The dimension of AT motherboard is equal 200 mm which is
enough to fit it in mini desktops. the difficult arises when it comes to new
drives as installing this motherboard becomes quite difficult because of the
small dimension .this motherboard works
on the concept of the socket and 6 pin plugs along with power connectors .
They have PGA socket (PUS, SD ram, and slots) 20 pin
power connecter and expansion slots (PCL and ISA) with keyboard and serial
mouse connector .EX.P-lll processor
People find it very hard to distinguish the socket of
power connector with other components and which is why most of the devices get
damaged when a person is trying to make any proper connection it has been produced during the mid 80`s and it lasted until the introduction
of Pentium 2.
BTX
MOTHERBOARD
BTX stands for balanced technology extended it is a form
factor for motherboards that was initially intended to replace the 2004 and
2005 ATX motherboard
The BTX was first introduced by gateway inc. and then by MPC
corporation and dell inc. it was also used in apple`s Mac pro but was mot BTX compliant.
By September 2006, Intel canceled development; this was largely due to the lack
of backward compatibility with the ATX form factor, balance technology extended
was designed to reduce the problems of the circa -1996 ATX standards by
decreasing power consumption and heat.
BTX was developed to reduce or avoid some of the issues
that came up while using latest technologies.
The form factor design was incompatible with the ATX.
Overall the BTX motherboard and thermal module will not fit in an ATX case but
the ATX power supply will work fine in a regular and tall BTX case.
MINI-
ITX MOTHERBOARD
ITX means information technology extended mini ITX
motherboard format was specified by VIA in 2001.mini –ITX often has two memory
slots, PCI express or mini –PCI express or mini –PCI slots several USB ports
and one network port. Some mini –ITX motherboards include a board VGA port and
an HDMI port.
Mini –ITX is a compact motherboard configuration designed
to support relatively low-cost computer in small spaces such as in automobiles,
network devices .the mini ITX is very small measuring 170mm *170mm
(6.75 inches* 6.75 inches) the power supply is less than 100 watts.
Mini ITX boards can also be cooled easily because of
their low power consumption architecture, such a makes them widely useful for
home theater PC system or system where fan noise can diminish the quality or
worth of cinema experience. The mini ITX standard does not define a standard
for the computer power supply, through it suggests possible options.
Conventionally mini ITX boards use a 20 or 24 pin ‘original ATX ’power
connector.
The mini ITX form factor has a location for one
expansion, slots, pertaining to a standard 33MHZ 5v.32bit PCI slot.
Often case designs use riser cards and some even have two slots riser cards
.even when the two slot riser cards are not usable with all the boards. A
computer built with a mini ITX could be used for simple everyday tasks such as
email, web browsing, word processing and listening to music.
LPX
MOTHERBOARD
LPX means low,profile extension is a
motherboard form factor develop by western digital in90`s .the low profile
allowed computers using this motherboard to be much slimmer than computer using
A baby –AT motherboard.
it is the main attraction was the use of riser
cards. a riser card is a circuit board
that gets plugged into a special slot in the motherboard of a computer .riser
cards provided users with the ability
,although limited ,to maintain and upgrade their computers by installing
expansion cards for features they need .LPX motherboards never truly had a
standardized dimension however ,.most were built with 13*9 inches dimensions.
The greatest advantages of this form factor was that it
saved a lot of space at a time when computers could get tall and bulky .LPX
design is the standard placement of connectors on the back of the board and LPX
boards has a row of connector for video (VGA is pin) parallel (25 pin) two
serial ports (9 pin each) and mini DIN p5/2 style mouse and keyboard
connectors.
LPX motherboards were created after the AT boards the
major difference between these and previous boards are that the input and out
pit ports in these boards are present at the back of the system.
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